Zambia is advancing toward universal electricity access, with nearly 50% of its population connected to power, up from 30% in 2017 (World Bank, 2025). Yet, 8.5 million Zambians, primarily in rural areas, lack electricity due to the high costs and logistical challenges of extending traditional grids. To bridge this gap, Zambia is adopting solar energy systems, positioning itself as a leader in the green economy and a model for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Historically reliant on hydropower for 80% of its electricity, Zambia faces risks from droughts that threaten energy security (World Bank, 2025). To reduce dependence on hydropower and expand renewable options, the country is accelerating the diversification of its energy mix, with a strong focus on off-grid solar solutions to drive rural electrification. In partnership with the World Bank, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the Africa Minigrid Development Association (AMDA), the government has set an ambitious goal to install at least 200 solar mini-grids by 2030.
Solar home systems and mini-grids are proving to be cost-effective and scalable. These technologies empower communities previously off the grid by improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. “Energy access changes lives,” said Achim Fock, World Bank Country Manager for Zambia. “It improves health, creates jobs, and lifts communities out of poverty” (World Bank, 2025). A recent conference in Lusaka (April 1-3, 2025) convened stakeholders to explore innovative financing for mini-grid developers, addressing technical and financial barriers.
These efforts align with the World Bank’s Mission 300 initiative to connect 300 million Africans to electricity by 2030. Projects like the Electricity Services Access Project (ESAP) and the Zambia-Tanzania Interconnector Project (ZTIP) strengthen energy infrastructure for long-term sustainability. By embracing solar power, Zambia maintains its ability to withstand climate challenges and promotes equitable economic progress, setting a global example for the green economy transition.
