Across Africa, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have become vital for attracting foreign direct investment, generating jobs, increasing exports, and driving industrialisation. According to the Industrial Analytics Platform over 7,000 SEZs operate globally, supporting industries that strengthen local and national economies. In Africa, more than 200 SEZs are active across 47 countries.
In the context of a green economy, SEZs hold immense potential to promote sustainable development. By adopting eco-friendly practices, such as renewable energy and resource-efficient technologies, these zones can minimise environmental impact while maximising economic productivity. Countries like Kenya, Nigeria, and Ethiopia are leveraging SEZs to develop sectors such as agro-processing, manufacturing, and technology, aligning with global sustainability goals. For instance, Kenya’s Naivasha SEZ, for example, harnesses geothermal energy, demonstrating how green infrastructure can power industrial growth.
SEZs also contribute to urban development by establishing planned economic hubs that reduce pressure on overcrowded cities. They have created millions of jobs, particularly for youth and women, supporting inclusive growth. Additionally, SEZs boost export competitiveness, helping African economies integrate into global value chains and diversify beyond dependence on raw materials.
Yet, to ensure long-term success, it is imperative to address critical challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, regulatory constraints, and environmental risks. By prioritising green policies and sustainable practices, Africa’s Special Economic Zones can lead in building a resilient, low-carbon economy. As the continent continues to urbanise and industrialise, SEZs provide a model for balancing economic progress with environmental stewardship, positioning the continent as a leader in green economic transformation.
